Male infertility can result from various medical conditions that affect sperm production, sperm quality, or the transport of sperm. Understanding these conditions is crucial for diagnosis and treatment. Here are some common medical conditions that can lead to male infertility: 1. Varicocele: A varicocele is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle. It’s one of the most common reversible causes of male infertility. Varicoceles can disrupt normal testicular temperature regulation, impair sperm production, and lead to decreased sperm quality. 2. Hormonal Imbalances: Conditions such as hypogonadism (low testosterone levels) or hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels) can affect sperm production and fertility. Hormonal imbalances can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which regulates testosterone and sperm production. 3. Infections: Certain infections can interfere with sperm production or sperm health. Examples include sexually transmitted infections (STIs) suc